Periodic trends
See the patterns. Understand the elements.
Ionization energy
How strongly an atom attracts electrons in a chemical bond.
The source’s covalent radius, an estimate of atomic size.
Energy needed to remove the first electron from a gaseous atom.
Energy released when a gaseous atom gains an electron. Higher values mean more energy released.
Mass per unit volume at the source’s standard conditions.
Recorded transition temperature from solid to liquid; some elements sublime.
102 of 118 values recorded Atomic numberGaps indicate unavailable data
Use the arrow keys on the chart, or choose an element to see its exact value.