14Solid
Si 28.085 Atomic mass · uMetalloids
Silicon
Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon's character dates to its discovery.
Discovery 1854 (Jöns Jacob Berzelius)
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Physical properties
Values for the element in its standard state.
- Density
- 2.33g/cm³
- Melting point
- 1,687K
- Boiling point
- 3,173K
- Atomic radius
- 111pm
- Bonding type
- Metallic
- Molar heat
- 19.789J/(mol·K)
Inside the atom
Electron arrangement and the energy behind its behavior.
Full electron configuration
1s, 2 electrons; 2s, 2 electrons; 2p, 6 electrons; 3s, 2 electrons; 3p, 2 electrons;
[Ne] represents 10 core electrons. The full view shows them explicitly.
14 electrons Orbital order preserved from source
- Electronegativity
- 1.9Pauling scale
- First ionization energy
- 787kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 134kJ/mol
- Van der Waals radius
- 210pm
Si SiliconAtomic number 14
787kJ/mol
Atomic numberGaps indicate unavailable data
About silicon
- Appearance
- Crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
- Discovery
- 1854 (Jöns Jacob Berzelius)
- Data source
- Read the reference
A missing value means it is unavailable in this reference dataset. Values can vary with measurement method and conditions.