21Solid
Sc 44.956 Atomic mass · uTransition metals
Scandium
Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanoids. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia.
Discovery 1876 (Lars Fredrik Nilson)
K2L8M9N2
Physical properties
Values for the element in its standard state.
- Density
- 2.985g/cm³
- Melting point
- 1,814K
- Boiling point
- 3,103K
- Atomic radius
- 144pm
- Bonding type
- Metallic
- Molar heat
- 25.52J/(mol·K)
Inside the atom
Electron arrangement and the energy behind its behavior.
Full electron configuration
1s, 2 electrons; 2s, 2 electrons; 2p, 6 electrons; 3s, 2 electrons; 3p, 6 electrons; 3d, 1 electrons; 4s, 2 electrons;
[Ar] represents 18 core electrons. The full view shows them explicitly.
21 electrons Orbital order preserved from source
- Electronegativity
- 1.36Pauling scale
- First ionization energy
- 633kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 18kJ/mol
- Van der Waals radius
- Not available
Sc ScandiumAtomic number 21
633kJ/mol
Atomic numberGaps indicate unavailable data
About scandium
- Appearance
- Silvery white
- Discovery
- 1876 (Lars Fredrik Nilson)
- Data source
- Read the reference
A missing value means it is unavailable in this reference dataset. Values can vary with measurement method and conditions.