23Solid
V 50.941 Atomic mass · uTransition metals
Vanadium
Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.
Discovery 1803 (Andrés Manuel del Río)
K2L8M11N2
Physical properties
Values for the element in its standard state.
- Density
- 6.11g/cm³
- Melting point
- 2,183K
- Boiling point
- 3,680K
- Atomic radius
- 125pm
- Bonding type
- Metallic
- Molar heat
- 24.89J/(mol·K)
Inside the atom
Electron arrangement and the energy behind its behavior.
Full electron configuration
1s, 2 electrons; 2s, 2 electrons; 2p, 6 electrons; 3s, 2 electrons; 3p, 6 electrons; 3d, 3 electrons; 4s, 2 electrons;
[Ar] represents 18 core electrons. The full view shows them explicitly.
23 electrons Orbital order preserved from source
- Electronegativity
- 1.63Pauling scale
- First ionization energy
- 651kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 51kJ/mol
- Van der Waals radius
- Not available
V VanadiumAtomic number 23
651kJ/mol
Atomic numberGaps indicate unavailable data
About vanadium
- Appearance
- Blue-silver-grey metal
- Discovery
- 1803 (Andrés Manuel del Río)
- Data source
- Read the reference
A missing value means it is unavailable in this reference dataset. Values can vary with measurement method and conditions.