31Solid
Ga 69.723 Atomic mass · uPost-transition metals
Gallium
Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in free form in nature, but as the gallium(III) compounds that are in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite. Gallium is a soft, silvery metal, and elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures, and melts at 29.76 °C (85.57 °F) (slightly above room temperature).
Discovery 1875 (Lecoq de Boisbaudran)
K2L8M18N3
Physical properties
Values for the element in its standard state.
- Density
- 5.904g/cm³
- Melting point
- 303K
- Boiling point
- 2,477K
- Atomic radius
- 126pm
- Bonding type
- Metallic
- Molar heat
- 25.86J/(mol·K)
Inside the atom
Electron arrangement and the energy behind its behavior.
Full electron configuration
1s, 2 electrons; 2s, 2 electrons; 2p, 6 electrons; 3s, 2 electrons; 3p, 6 electrons; 3d, 10 electrons; 4s, 2 electrons; 4p, 1 electrons;
[Ar] represents 18 core electrons. The full view shows them explicitly.
31 electrons Orbital order preserved from source
- Electronegativity
- 1.81Pauling scale
- First ionization energy
- 579kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 29kJ/mol
- Van der Waals radius
- 187pm
Ga GalliumAtomic number 31
579kJ/mol
Atomic numberGaps indicate unavailable data
About gallium
- Appearance
- Silver-white
- Discovery
- 1875 (Lecoq de Boisbaudran)
- Data source
- Read the reference
A missing value means it is unavailable in this reference dataset. Values can vary with measurement method and conditions.