32Solid
Ge 72.64 Atomic mass · uMetalloids
Germanium
Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Purified germanium is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon.
Discovery 1886 (Clemens Winkler)
K2L8M18N4
Physical properties
Values for the element in its standard state.
- Density
- 5.323g/cm³
- Melting point
- 1,211K
- Boiling point
- 3,093K
- Atomic radius
- 122pm
- Bonding type
- Metallic
- Molar heat
- 23.222J/(mol·K)
Inside the atom
Electron arrangement and the energy behind its behavior.
Full electron configuration
1s, 2 electrons; 2s, 2 electrons; 2p, 6 electrons; 3s, 2 electrons; 3p, 6 electrons; 3d, 10 electrons; 4s, 2 electrons; 4p, 2 electrons;
[Ar] represents 18 core electrons. The full view shows them explicitly.
32 electrons Orbital order preserved from source
- Electronegativity
- 2.01Pauling scale
- First ionization energy
- 762kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 119kJ/mol
- Van der Waals radius
- Not available
Ge GermaniumAtomic number 32
762kJ/mol
Atomic numberGaps indicate unavailable data
About germanium
- Appearance
- Grayish-white
- Discovery
- 1886 (Clemens Winkler)
- Data source
- Read the reference
A missing value means it is unavailable in this reference dataset. Values can vary with measurement method and conditions.