79Solid
Au 196.967 Atomic mass · uTransition metals
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin:aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element.
Discovery Ancient (Middle East)
K2L8M18N32O18P1
Physical properties
Values for the element in its standard state.
- Density
- 19.3g/cm³
- Melting point
- 1,337K
- Boiling point
- 3,129K
- Atomic radius
- 144pm
- Bonding type
- Metallic
- Molar heat
- 25.418J/(mol·K)
Inside the atom
Electron arrangement and the energy behind its behavior.
Full electron configuration
1s, 2 electrons; 2s, 2 electrons; 2p, 6 electrons; 3s, 2 electrons; 3p, 6 electrons; 3d, 10 electrons; 4s, 2 electrons; 4p, 6 electrons; 4d, 10 electrons; 5s, 2 electrons; 5p, 6 electrons; 4f, 14 electrons; 5d, 10 electrons; 6s, 1 electrons;
[Xe] represents 54 core electrons. The full view shows them explicitly.
79 electrons Orbital order preserved from source
- Electronegativity
- 2.54Pauling scale
- First ionization energy
- 890kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 223kJ/mol
- Van der Waals radius
- 166pm
Au GoldAtomic number 79
890kJ/mol
Atomic numberGaps indicate unavailable data
About gold
- Appearance
- Metallic yellow
- Discovery
- Ancient (Middle East)
- Data source
- Read the reference
A missing value means it is unavailable in this reference dataset. Values can vary with measurement method and conditions.