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periodicity.
Mass calculator
Periodic table
Period 6Group 12
80Liquid
Hg 200.59 Atomic mass · u
Transition metals

Mercury

Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum (/haɪˈdrɑːrdʒərəm/). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature.

Discovery Ancient (unknown, before 2000 BCE)
Mercury electron shellsHg80 protons
K2L8M18N32O18P2
A simplified shell model. Electron positions are illustrative.

Physical properties

Values for the element in its standard state.

Density
13.534g/cm³
Melting point
234K
Boiling point
630K
Atomic radius
149pm
Bonding type
Metallic
Molar heat
27.983J/(mol·K)

Inside the atom

Electron arrangement and the energy behind its behavior.

Full electron configuration

1s, 2 electrons; 2s, 2 electrons; 2p, 6 electrons; 3s, 2 electrons; 3p, 6 electrons; 3d, 10 electrons; 4s, 2 electrons; 4p, 6 electrons; 4d, 10 electrons; 5s, 2 electrons; 5p, 6 electrons; 4f, 14 electrons; 5d, 10 electrons; 6s, 2 electrons;

[Xe] represents 54 core electrons. The full view shows them explicitly.

80 electrons Orbital order preserved from source

Electronegativity
2Pauling scale
First ionization energy
1,007kJ/mol
Electron affinity
0kJ/mol
Van der Waals radius
155pm
Hg MercuryAtomic number 80
1,007kJ/mol
Ionization energy by atomic number
Atomic numberGaps indicate unavailable data

About mercury

Appearance
Silvery
Discovery
Ancient (unknown, before 2000 BCE)

A missing value means it is unavailable in this reference dataset. Values can vary with measurement method and conditions.